hanes Llyn History



Hanes - History

llyn


Amddiffynfeudd - Hillforts

Tre'r Ceiri

Garn Fadryn

Garn Boduan

Rhiw


Cromlechi - Chamber Tombs

Cefn Amlwch

Rhiw

Trwyn llech y doll

Y Ffôr


Meini hir - Standing stones

Llandudwen

Penllech

Rhiw

Sarn

Llangwnnadl


llyn

 



Adran Hynafol - Ancient History Sections

Y trigolion cyntaf

Wrth i'r iâ doddi, ar ddiwedd Oes yr Iâ, ffrwythlonodd y tir ac i'w ganlyn y daeth yr anifeiliaid au helwyr. Paelaeoithic ac yna Mesolithic. Ychydig iawn o dystiolaeth sydd o drigolion Mesolithic Llŷn. Y grêd yw fod pobol wedi mudo i fynny o dde ddwyrain Prydain o gwmpas 4000 C.C. ac wedi dod gyda hwy wybodaeth am Ffermio a chrochenwaith Dyma'r cyntaf o sawl mewnlifiad o ddiwylliannau o'r dwyrain, yn symud trigolion brodorol Prydain tua'r gorllewin i gymysgu, gyda thrigolion ucheldiroedd y gorllewin. Roeddynt yma yn cadw eu credoau a'u ffyrdd o fyw. Mae'r pwysau hwn o'r de ddwyrain yn dal i fodoli heddiw.

Buodd fôdd bynnag nifer o ddargynfyddiadau o'r cyfnod yma, yn cynnwys Ysgrafellau (Scrapers), bwyell, a hefyd blaenau saethau. Mae tystiolaeth o ddiwydiant fflint yn Llanengan yn Bryn-yr-Efail a Phen Cilan. Mae yna hefyd ffatri bwyelli cerryg ar fynydd Rhiw uwchben Bryncroes, sydd yn dangos masnach a gofyn cynnyddol mewn penau bwyelli. Mae hefyd forthwylion tyllog (Perforated) wedi cael eu darganfod mewn nifer o safleoedd

Rhiw

Buodd hefyd fewnlifiad o ddiwylliannau a phobol o'r môr (un o nodweddion pwysicaf Llŷn). Y ffordd hon o gwmpas 3000 - 2500 C.C, y daeth y bobol gyntaf i adael tystiolaetrh bendant o'u bodolaeth yn Llŷn. Dyma'r bobol a oedd yn gadael eu meirw mewn Siambrau cymunedol. Fe ddaeth y diwylliant hwn o fôr y canoldir, heibio arfordiroedd gorllewinol Sbaen, Portiwgal a Chernyw. Gadawyd yn Llŷn gromlechi gwych. Maent wedi eu dyddio yn ol i o gwmpas 2000 C.C.. Mae'r rhain a'r siambrau ar Ynys Môn yn dangos yr un datblygiad na'r siamberi yn Nyffryn Boyne yn Iwerddon. Mae llawer o'r Meini Hirion, a'r carneddau yn Llŷn yn cael eu cysylltu a'r cyfnod yma, hyd at o gwmpas 1000 C.C.

Allan or holl Frythoniaid celtaidd eu iaith, Cychwynodd o gwmpas y 5ed ganrif C.C. boblogaeth o siaradwyr Celtaidd. Dilynwyd hwn o gwmpas y 3ydd Canrif gan y Goideliaid, llwyth celtaidd arall o Iwerddon. Grwp gyda iaith tebyg, a chysylltiadau masnachol eang. Fe adeiladwyd ganddynt Fryngaerau o'r flwyddyn 300 C.C. (Mae yna theoriau mai'r Goedeliaid ddaeth gyntaf, a cawsont eu gwthio tua'r gorllewin trwy Brydain i Iwerddon, ac fod ychydig ohonynt au diwylliant wedi ei adael yn Llŷn, a Môn gan y Brythoniaid.)

The first Inhabitants

As the ice sheets melted and the land became fertile so too followed animals and their hunters. Paelaeoithic then Mesolithic. There is little evidence of the Mesolithic inhabitants of Llŷn. There was probably a movement of peoples from the south eastern lowlands of Britain around 4000 B.C. bringing with them the knowledge of farming and pottery. This was the first of many flows of cultures from the east moving the indigenous people of Britain west to merge with the peoples of the western highlands. Here they kept their beliefs and way of life. This pressure continues today.

There have, however been a number of discoveries from this period including scrapers, axe and arrow heads. There is evidence of the flint industry at Llanengan at Bryn -yr-efail and Pen Cilan. There is a stone axe 'factory' on mynydd Rhiw above Bryncroes, which shows an increasing demand and trade in axe heads. Perforated axe hammers have been found at numerous locations.

There has also been a flow of cultures and people along the natural highway the sea. Llŷn with its mountainous backbone protruding into this highway was a natural stepping stone. It is by this route around 3000 -2500 B.C. that the first peoples to leave substantial evidence of their existence in Llŷn arrived. These were the people who left their dead in communal chambered tombs. This culture arrived via the Atlantic coasts of Spain, Portugal and Brittany from the Mediterranean. It left in Llŷn remarkable Megalithic chambered tombs. They date at being erected at around 2000 B.C.. These and the tombs in Anglsey show evolutionary features similar to the chambers of the Boyne valley culture from Ireland. Many of the standing stones and cairns in Llŷn are attributed from this period through to around 1000 B.C.

From these waves of Celtic speaking Brythons there emerged around the 5th century B.C. a Celtic speaking population. This was probably followed around 3rd century B.C. by the Goidels, another Celtic tribe from Ireland. A common language group with similar beliefs and wide spread trading links. They built hill forts from about 300 B.C. (There are theories that the Goidels came first, were pushed Westward through Britain to Ireland and that their remnants were left in Llŷn and Môn by the later Brythons.)

Llangwnnadl

Mae'n ymddangos fod dau gyfnod o adeiladu Bryngaerau yn yr ardal. Mae'r cyfnod cyntaf yn cynnwys y Bryngaerau mawr yn Garn Boduan a Garn Fadryn sydd o gwmpas 300 C.C.. Cafodd y rhain eu hail gryfhau yn ystod yr ail gyfnod. Mae Tre'r Ceiri'n perthyn i'r ail gyfnod yn unig. Mae'r ail gyfnod hwn o atgyfnerthiad o gwmpas 100 C.C. yn cyd oesi gyda math gwahanol o adeiladaeth sef y caeriau Bivallate earthern, a gafodd eu hadeiladu ar yr arfordir gogleddol ym Mhorthdin Llaen a Dinas Dinlle. Mae'r ddwy safle yma yn awgrymu bygythiadau o'r môr oddi wrth Iwerddon sy'n cadarnhau eu hymsefydlu mewn amgylchedd anghyfeillgar. mae Castell Odo ac ambell i safle fychain arall yn awgrymu symudiadau pellach i mewn i'r tir, oddi wrth eu safleoedd gwreiddiol ar yr arfordir.

Oddo

Pan Cyrhaeddodd y Rhufeiniaid wlad geltaidd ei hiaith roedd yng Ngwynedd amryw o lwythi yn cynnwys y Deceangli. Roedd y rhan fwyaf o'r rhain yn byw yn y Bryngeiriau, sef Tre'r Ceiri, Garn Boduan, a Garn Fadryn. Yn ol Ptolemy, Enwyd Llŷn yn Penrhyn y Gangani (Llwyth sydd i'w weld hefyd yng Ngorllewin Iwerddon). Rheolwyd Gogledd Cymru i gyd, ar amser ymosodiad y Rhufeiniaid gan lwyth o'r enw Yr Ordovices (Hammer-fighters) a oedd yn Ymerodraeth o lwythi Celtaidd. Mae hefyd dystiolaeth fod yr Ordovices wedi parhau fel uned tan y bumed ganrif.

 

There seems to be two phases of hillfort building in the area. The first includes the large hillforts of Garn Boduan and Garn Fadryn at about 300 B.C.. These were re-fortified during the second period .Tre'r ceiri belongs solely to this second period. This second period of re-enforcement at around 100 B.C. is contemporary with a different type of construction namely the Bivallate earthen forts that were constructed on the Northern coast at Porthdinllaen and Dinas dinlle. Both these seem to suggest sea-bourne invaders from Ireland consolidating their landfall in a hostile environment. Castell odo and a few other small sites also suggest further inland insurgence into Llŷn by Iron age 'B' people.

 

When the Romans invaded a Celtic speaking Britain the people of Gwynedd comprised a group of tribes amongst which were the deceangli. These tribes lived for the most part in hill forts, Tre'r ceiri, Garn Boduan and Garn Fadryn being excellent examples. Ptolemy informs us that Llŷn is named the promontory of the Gangani (a tribe which only appears elsewhere in Western Ireland). The Ordovices ( Hammer-fighters) that ruled the whole of North Wales at the time of the roman invasion were probably a confederation of such Celtic tribes. There is also evidence that the Ordovices as a unit survived as an entity until the 5th century.

Treceiri


 
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